infinitive clauses with impersonal it
Echemos un vistazo a cómo se usan las cláusulas de infinitivo después de los adjetivos impersonales como fácil, difícil, necesario, innecesario, posible e imposible. Estos adjetivos impersonales vienen junto con el pronombre impersonal:Example:Incorrect: I am hard to concentrate.Correct: It is hard for me to concentrate.Correct: It is hard (X) to concentrate.Lo impersonal que no sólo sucede en oraciones simples, como en el ejemplo anterior; también puede comenzar una cláusula de complemento. Una cláusula de complemento es, por ejemplo, el tipo de cláusula que viene después de un verbo como hacer o encontrar. Examples:Incorrect: This hot weather is making me hard to concentrate.Correct: This hot weather is making it hard for me to concentrate.Correct: This hot weather is making it hard (X) to concentrate.Correct: I am finding it hard to concentrate.¿Qué son las cláusulas de infinitivo?Como cualquier verbo, un infinitivo denota una acción o estado que involucra a una o más personas, lugares o cosas. Por ejemplo, Lisa lee y tú comes. Pero debido a que el infinitivo es un verbo dependiente, en otras palabras, no es el verbo principal en una cláusula independiente, a menudo aparece cuando no hay sustantivo sujeto o pronombre expresado. En tales casos, el sujeto lógico del verbo infinitivo se entiende a partir de su contexto.Uno de estos casos es cuando el tema de ambos verbos sería el mismo:Examples:Incorrect: I love for me to read books.Correct: I love (X) to read books. Otro caso es cuando un objeto directo después del verbo de la cláusula principal sería el mismo que el sujeto del verbo infinitivo:Examples:Incorrect: I asked my dad for him to help me with my homework.Correct: I asked my dad (X) to help me with my homework Otro caso es cuando el escritor está haciendo una generalización. En otras palabras, el sujeto del verbo infinitivo podría ser cualquiera o cualquier cosa:Examples:Too wordy: It’s always a good idea for you to back up your computer files.Better: It’s always a good idea (X) to back up your computer files.
1. After link verbs, you often use adjectives that describe how someone feels about an action or situation. With some adjectives, you can add a ‘to’-infinitive clause or a ‘that’-clause to say what the action or situation is.
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If the subject is the same in both clauses, you usually use a ‘to’-infinitive clause. If the subject is different, you must use a ‘that’-clause.
I was happy to see them again.
He was happy that they were coming to the party.
You often use a ‘to’-infinitive clause when talking about future time in relation to the main clause.
I am afraid to go home.
He was anxious to leave before it got dark.
You often use a ‘that’-clause when talking about present or past time in relation to the main clause.
He was anxious that the passport was missing.
They were afraid that I might have talked to the police.
2. You often use ‘sorry’ with a ‘that’-clause. Note that ‘that’ is often omitted.
I'm very sorry that I can't join you.
I'm sorry I'm so late.
3. Some adjectives are not usually used alone, but have a ‘to’-infinitive clause after them to say what action or situation the adjective relates to.
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They were unable to help her.
They were not likely to forget it.
I am willing to try.
I'm prepared to say I was wrong.
4. When you want to express an opinion about someone or something, you often use an adjective followed by a ‘to’-infinitive clause.
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She had been easy to deceive.
The windows will be almost impossible to open.
Am I wrong to stay here?
Note that in the first two examples, the subject of the main clause is the object of the ‘to’-infinitive clause. In the third example, the subject is the same in both clauses.
5. With some adjectives, you use a ‘that’-clause to express an opinion about someone or something.
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I was sad that people had reacted in this way.
It is extraordinary that we should ever have met
6. You can also use adjectives with ‘to’-infinitive clauses after ‘it’ as the impersonal subject. You use the preposition ‘of ’ or ‘for’ to indicate the person or thing that the adjective relates to.
It was easy to find the path.
It was good of John to help me.
It was difficult for her to find a job.
wish and if only for regrets

en este
artículo vamos a ver como utilizamos "if" dentro de otra construcción
"if only" que traduciríamos en español como "ojalá", "si solo" o "qué mas
quisiera".
Tanto "if only" como "I wish" las
empleamos en inglés para expresar deseos y arrepentimiento o
lamentarnos sobre algo que ha ocurrido en el pasado o que puede que ocurra
en el futuro.
Tanto "I
wish" como "if only" se utilizan dentro de la estructura de las
oraciones condicionales que vimos en el articulo que he mencionado al
principio. Sin embargo, me parece oportuno refrescarte la memoria sobre los
tres tipos de oraciones condicionales y sus estructuras brevemente.
Tipo
1: If + presente simple / will
- Si practicas deporte regularmente, dormirás mejor.
Tipo
2: If + pasado simple / would + infinitivo
- Si visitaras a tu tía más a menudo, te querría más.
Tipo
3: If + pasado perfecto / would + have + participio
- Si no hubieras intentado ligar con su novio, te
habría invitado a la boda.
"I wish" y "If only" + estructura de las oraciones condicionales
"I wish" y "If only" + estructura de las oraciones condicionales
Si nos lamentamos o mostramos arrepentimiento sobre un suceso presente o futuro, entonces usamos la estructura de las
condicionales de tipo 2, y las expresiones "if only" y
"I wish" van seguidas de el pasado simple.
- If
only I had a car to be able to accept that job.
Si de lo que hablamos es de un suceso que ocurrió
(o no llegó a ocurrir) en el pasado y que,
por lo tanto, es imposible de modificar, recurrimos entonces a las oraciones
condicionales del tipo 3. Y en esta estructura, las
expresiones "if only" y "I wish" van seguidas del pasado
perfecto.
- If
only I had left the house earlier.
Por último, tenemos que hablar del uso de "I wish" y "if only" para hablar de algo en el
presente y que nos gustaría cambiar. Suele ser generalmente algo que nos
molesta. En estos casos, la expresión "wish" va seguida del verbo
modal "would". Sin embargo, no olvides que solo podemos
usar "wish" + "would" para hablar
de cosas que no podemos cambiar.
- Ojalá no me gustara tanto la tarta de chocolate.
- If you practice
exercise regularly, you will sleep better.
- If you visited
your auntie more often, she would love you more.
- If you hadn't
tried to make out with her fiancé, she would have invited you to her weeding.
Como he dicho
antes, "I wish" and "if only" siguen la
estructura de una de estos tipos de oraciones condicionales dependiendo de lo
que queremos expresar.
- I wish I had a
car to be able to accept that job.
- Ójala
tuviera un coche para poder aceptar ese puesto de trabajo.
No tengo un
coche, por lo que me lamento ya que no puedo aceptar ese puesto de trabajo.
- I wish I had left
the house earlier.
- Ojalá
hubiera salido antes de casa.
Lo que
queremos decir con estos ejemplos es que nos lamentamos, por ejemplo, hemos
perdido el autobus porque hemos salido tarde de casa y ya no tiene solución.
- I wish I wouldn't
like chocolate cake so much.
Wish and ‘If only’ are both used to
talk about regrets – things that we would like to change either about the past
or the present.
Talking about the present
- If only I didn’t have so much homework I could go to the concert tonight. She has a lot of homework and she can’t go to the concert.
- I wish you didn’t live so far away.
- I wish I knew what to do.
When we talk about present regrets, both wish and if only are followed by the past simple tense. The past tense emphasises that we are talking about something ‘unreal’.
Talking about the past
- I wish I’d studied harder when I was at school. He didn’t study harder when he was at school.
- I wish I hadn’t eaten all that chocolate. I feel sick.
- If only I’d known you were coming.
Both wish and if only are followed by the past perfect tense when we talk about past regrets.
Wish/if only and would
We use wish + would to talk about something in the present that we would like to change – usually something that we find annoying.
- I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes without asking.
- I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.
- I wish you’d give up smoking. it’s really bad for you.
NB We can only use wish + would to talk about things we can’t change.
